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However, there are some server products for which a process shutdown is not an option This is especially true for SQL Server 2005, because restarting a database server is an extremely expensive operation SQL Server 2005 allows the implementation of stored procedures in managed code Instead of shutting down the process because of an asynchronous exception, the SQL Server process is able to treat critical situations like a stack overflow so that the process is able to survive; only the thread with the overflowed stack and other threads that execute code for the same database have to be terminated In the future, there will likely be more server products with similar behavior For server products that can survive critical situations like stack overflows, resource handling must be done with even more care, because asynchronous exceptions can cause resource leaks.

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You can rename partitions in the same way you rename a table. Here is an example: SQL> ALTER TABLE RENAME PARTITION fight_sales01 TO quarterly_sales01;

The EXCHANGE PARTITION command enables you to convert a regular nonpartitioned table into a partition of a partitioned table. Here s an example: SQL> ALTER TABLE ticket_sales EXCHANGE PARTITION ticket_sales02 WITH ticket_sales03;

The shell itself can perform mathematical operations. The advantage of using the internal math functions is that your code doesn t have to call an external program, which reduces the footprint of the code and allows it to run faster. This method is available in bash and ksh. The Bourne shell does not have this functionality. The following are examples of how to employ internal shell math to carry out mathematical operations.

Dropping partitions is fairly easy if you don t have any data in the partitions. Here s an example: SQL> ALTER TABLE ticket_sales DROP PARTITION ticket_sales01; If you do have data in the partitions that you intend to drop, you need to be careful to use the additional UPDATE GLOBAL INDEXES clause with the preceding DROP PARTITION syntax. Otherwise, all globally created indexes will be invalidated. Local indexes will still be okay, because they re mapped directly to the affected partitions only.

The hash-partitioned and list-partitioned tables enable you to coalesce their partitions, which amounts to shrinking the number of partitions. In a hash-partitioned table, the COALESCE command will reorganize the data of the removed partition into the remaining partitions based on a hash function. The database chooses a specific partition for coalescing, and drops it after reorganizing its data among the remaining partitions. In range-hash partitioning, you can coalesce subpartitions. Here s an example of coalescing a hash-partitioned table, which will reduce the number of partitions by one: SQL> ALTER TABLE ticket_sales COALESCE PARTITION;

Note I ve only presented a bare introduction to the vast and complex topic of Oracle table partitioning. Please refer to the Oracle documentation for a complete discussion of this powerful feature, including restrictions on the numerous partition-maintenance operations.

Several data dictionary views can help in managing Oracle tables. The most important one is the DBA_TABLES view it gives you the owner, the number of rows, the tablespace name, space information, and a number of other details about all the tables in the database. Listing 5-12 shows a sample query. Listing 5-12. Using the DBA_TABLES Data Dictionary View SQL> SELECT tablespace_name, table_name, num_rows FROM dba_tables WHERE owner='HR'; TABLESPACE_NAME TABLE_NAME NUM_ROWS -------------------------------------------------EXAMPLE DEPARTMENTS 27 EXAMPLE EMPLOYEES 107 EXAMPLE JOBS 19 EXAMPLE JOB_HISTORY 10 EXAMPLE LOCATIONS 23 EXAMPLE REGIONS 4 6 rows selected. SQL> Use the DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS view to find out detailed information about partitioned tables. Listing 5-13 shows an example of this view that summarizes information about a partitioned table from an earlier example in this chapter. Listing 5-13. Using the DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS Data Dictionary View SQL> SELECT table_name, partition_name, subpartition_count 2 FROM dba_tab_partitions 3* WHERE last_analyzed IS NULL; TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME SUBPARTITION_COUNT ------------------------------ ---------------------------------SALES_DATA SALES_Q1 0 SALES_DATA SALES_Q2 0 SALES_DATA SALES_Q3 0

The constructor of the wrapper class XYZConnection can cause a resource leak due to an asynchronous exception: XYZConnection() { xyzHandleHandle = ::XYZConnect(); }.

Note The largest integer available for internal shell math is 263 1, or 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (in

SALES_HASH SALES_HASH SALES_HASH SALES_HASH SALES_LIST SALES_LIST SALES_LIST SALES_LIST SCOUT_GEAR SCOUT_GEAR SCOUT_GEAR SCOUT_GEAR QUARTERLY_REGIONAL_SALES QUARTERLY_REGIONAL_SALES QUARTERLY_REGIONAL_SALES QUARTERLY_REGIONAL_SALES 20 rows selected. SQL>

SYS_P3161 SYS_P3162 SYS_P3163 SYS_P3164 NORTHEAST_SALES SOUTHWEST_SALES PACIFICWEST_SALES SOUTHEAST_SALES P1 P2 P3 P4 Q1_2004 Q2_2004 Q3_2004 Q4_2004

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 8 8 4 4 4 4